To report the clinical outcome of high dose rate brachytherapy as sole treatment for clinically\r\nlocalised prostate cancer.\r\nMethods: Between March 2004 and January 2008, a total of 351 consecutive patients with clinically localised\r\nprostate cancer were treated with transrectal ultrasound guided high dose rate brachytherapy. The prescribed dose\r\nwas 38.0 Gy in four fractions (two implants of two fractions each of 9.5 Gy with an interval of 14 days between the\r\nimplants) delivered to an intraoperative transrectal ultrasound real-time defined planning treatment volume.\r\nBiochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix Consensus and toxicity evaluated using the Common\r\nToxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.\r\nResults: The median follow-up time was 59.3 months. The 36 and 60 month biochemical control and metastasisfree\r\nsurvival rates were respectively 98%, 94% and 99%, 98%. Toxicity was scored per event with 4.8% acute Grade 3\r\ngenitourinary and no acute Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. Late Grade 3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity\r\nwere respectively 3.4% and 1.4%. No instances of Grade 4 or greater acute or late adverse events were reported.\r\nConclusions: Our results confirm high dose rate brachytherapy as safe and effective monotherapy for clinically\r\norgan-confined prostate cancer.
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